Mahta Mazaheri Naeeni; Tayebeh Rabbani
Volume 24, Issue 1 , March and April 2017, , Pages 9-15
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world that is affected by various genetics, epigenetic and many other environmental factors. Estrogen is one of the risk factors for this cancer. This factor lead to genetic alterations and the beginning and promotion ...
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Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world that is affected by various genetics, epigenetic and many other environmental factors. Estrogen is one of the risk factors for this cancer. This factor lead to genetic alterations and the beginning and promotion of breast cancer. Materials & Methods: In this review, we provide information using databases of NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Ovid MEDLINE, about the molecular basis of breast cancer, the effect of estrogen hormone, and estrogen receptors on cancer incidence, the use of anti-estrogens such as Tamoxifen in treatment of breast cancer and mechanisms of resistant to these drugs. Result: Anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen play an important role in treatment of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancers by preventing estrogen binding to its receptors in these tumors. Finding the molecular basis of breast cancer will help us to achieve effective treatment for breast cancer. Conclusion: Increased estrogen and estrogen receptor highly influence the incidence of breast cancer. Tamoxifen is standard adjuvant therapy for women with ER-positive [+], but there is some intrinsic or acquired resistance to endocrine treatment that require further investigations.
Saeedeh Saeedi; Mahta Mazaheri Naeeni; Seyyed Kazem Sabbagh; Safoura Bazi
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 596-603
Abstract
Background and aim: Infectious diseases are one of the most important agents of mortality in the world. Due to resistant of some human infectious bacteria to antibiotics, use of plant pharmaceutical herbs to control of these agents is increasing. The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial ...
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Background and aim: Infectious diseases are one of the most important agents of mortality in the world. Due to resistant of some human infectious bacteria to antibiotics, use of plant pharmaceutical herbs to control of these agents is increasing. The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial effect of aqueous extract of Yarrow and Salvia against ten bacterial strains of human pathogenic bacteria.
Materials and Methods: Aqueous extract from Achillea millefolium and Teucrium polium species were prepared using maceration method and then were concentrated and dried using rotary apparatus. . Ten standard bacterial strains were cultured on Nutrient Broth. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of plant extract of both extract on bacteria were determined using micro dilution method at four different concentrations (0/62-1/25-2/5-5-10mg/ml).
Results:The results showed that aqueous extract from Achillea millefolium and Teucrium polium species have an inhibition effect on all tested bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and S. saprophyticus showed the highest and lowest sensitivity to water extract of yarrow respectively. Pseudomonas aeroginosa sereus strain showed high degree of sensitivity whereas S. aureuss and Bacillus aeroginosa strains were less sensitive to extract of salvia.
Conclusion: According to obtained results in this work and other researches in this domain, the Aqueous extracts of Yarraw and Salvia could be introduced as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic micro-organisms. Nevertheless to use each extract of plant for clinical application, chemical analysis of extracts and clinical researches are necessary.